Drilling fluid additives are chemical substances or materials added to a drilling fluid (drilling mud) to modify or improve its physical, chemical or rheological properties so it can perform the specific functions during drilling operations. Drilling fluid additives mainly include:
| Viscosifiers |
| Lubricants and Dispersants |
| Shale Inhibitors and Stabilizers |
| Bridging and Weighing Agents |
| Fluid Loss Control Additives |
| Treatment Chemicals |
| Loss Circulation Materials |
| Emulsifiers, Wetting Agents and Surfactants |
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Viscosifiers
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Viscosifiers are generally used in drilling fluids to increase the drill-cutting carrying capacity, maintain the correct pressure and control the fluid loss of the drilling fluids.
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Wellbore Cleanup Additives
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Wellbore cleanup additives remove the filter cake left by drill-in fluids (DIFs) to minimize formation damage and maximize well productivity.
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Lubricants and Dispersants
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Drilling lubricants reduce friction, dissipate heat, and prevent equipment wear, torque/drag, sticking, and bit balling in complex operations.
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Shale Inhibitors and Stabilizers
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Shale stabilizers suppress clay swelling and cuttings dispersion in drilling fluids to improve wellbore stability when drilling reactive formations.
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Bridging and Weighing Agents
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Bridging agents seal formation pores and micro-fractures to limit fluid loss, while weighing agents raise drilling-fluid density.
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Fluid Loss Control Additives
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Fluid loss control additives minimize filtrate invasion into formation rock, preventing differential sticking, formation damage, and lost productivity.
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Treatment Chemicals
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Calcium contaminations particularly due to anhydrite have detrimental effects on drilling fluid performance. Treatment chemicals are generally utilized to treat these contaminations in order to recover the properties of the drilling fluids.
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Emulsifiers, Wetting Agents and Surfactants
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Emulsifiers, wetting agents or other surfactants are generally used in multiple-phase drilling fluids for various purposes. Emulsifiers and wetting agents are generally the additives used in oil-in-brine or brine-in-oil emulsions to stabilize the emulsified drilling fluids. Surfactants such as foamers or defoamers/anti-foaming agents are sometimes used in drilling fluids to either prepare foam muds or prevent/break the foams.
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